Active since 2012, Stealth Falcon is a sophisticated hacking group known for targeting journalists, activists, and dissidents with spyware in the Middle East, primarily in the United Arab Emirates (UAE).
Dubbed Win32/StealthFalcon, named after the hacking group, the malware communicates and sends collected data to its remote command-and-control (C&C) servers using Windows Background Intelligent Transfer Service (BITS).
BITS is a communication protocol in Windows that takes unused network bandwidth to facilitate asynchronous, prioritized, and throttled transfer of files between machines in the foreground or background, without impacting the network experience.
BITS is commonly used by software updaters, including downloading files from the Microsoft servers or peers to install updates on Windows 10, messengers, and other applications designed to operate in the background.
According to security researchers at cyber-security firm ESET, since BITS tasks are more likely permitted by host-based firewalls and the functionality automatically adjusts the data transfer rate, it allows malware to stealthily operate in the background without raising any red flags.
"Compared with traditional communication via API functions, the BITS mechanism is exposed through a COM interface and thus harder for a security product to detect," the researchers say in a report published today.
"The transfer resumes automatically after being interrupted for reasons like a network outage, the user logging out, or a system reboot."
Besides this, instead of exfiltrating the collected data in plain text, the malware first creates an encrypted copy of it and then uploads the copy to the C&C server via BITS protocol.
After successfully exfiltrating the stolen data, the malware automatically deletes all log and collected files after rewriting them with random data in order to prevent forensic analysis and recovery of the deleted data.
As explained in the report, Win32/StealthFalcon backdoor has not only been designed to steal data from the compromised systems but can also be used by attackers to further deploy more malicious tools and update its configuration by sending commands through C&C server.
"The Win32/StealthFalcon backdoor, which appears to have been created in 2015, allows the attacker to control the compromised computer remotely. We have seen a small number of targets in UAE, Saudi Arabia, Thailand, and the Netherlands; in the latter case, the target was a diplomatic mission of a Middle Eastern country," the researchers say.
According to the researchers, this newly discovered malware shares its C&C servers and code base with a PowerShell-based backdoor attributed to the Stealth Falcon group and tracked by the Citizen Lab in 2016.
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